Importance of skin moisturizers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Importance of skin moisturizers - Essay Example It includes assuring an optimal functioning of the vital organs to caring about the body parts that were conveniently ignored just a couple of decades ago. Human skin is one such body organ that has found a new found respect and focus in the last few decades and it goes without saying that skin moisturizers are one such health aid, which immensely add to the human sense of well being by assuring the much needed proper skin care. Perhaps most of the people don’t know that skin tends to be the largest human organ. In an average human adult, the skin comprises of a total area of about 1.5 to 2.0 square meters (Baumann 17). No other organ happens to be so large and extensive. Besides, skin performs many important functions in the human body. It is the body’s first line of defense against any damage caused by pathogens and the external environment. The nerve endings embedded in the skin are responsible for registering sensations of heat and touch. The blood vessels and sweat glands in the skin are responsible for heat regulation. Skin also helps store fats, water and aids the synthesis of vitamin D. It facilitates the excretion of body wastes like sweat and urea. It also helps in the absorption of many vital elements and health aids like ointments and medicines. It prevents the loss of vital nutrients from the body. Last but not the least; skin is an indispensible component of body aesthetics and c ommunication. Considering the multifarious relevance of skin in the human health, there is no denying the fact that skin care ought to command a pivotal place in human well being and health. Once it is agreed upon that skin care is important, one needs to delve upon as to what constitutes the salient features of skin care. Good nutrition is the first step in assuring a healthy and robust skin. Not to mention that high stress levels do negatively impact skin as other organs. So, adequate rest and relaxation are of

Promotional Plan of TelePacific Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Promotional Plan of TelePacific - Essay Example The organization needs to have an effective promotional plan in place to increase its profitability, growth and sustainability in the future. Promotion is the only way to communicate the message of the marketer to its target customers. There are various media vehicles to do so, but it is important for the TelePacific Communications to analyze the most effective media vehicle of the state or country in which it is launching or expanding its business. A promotional message, advertisements and a one year media plan of TelePacific Communications has been has been discussed in this study. Message The overall marketing message for the promotional plant of TelePacific would be that the services offered by the company provides fast internet access to its customers along with other additional unique features included in it and TelePacific is committed towards offering high quality customized services for its clients according to their specific needs and requirements. Advertisements Advertisin g industry is considered to be the most exciting, creative, challenging and rewarding industry. It is unique in nature because everything is open to the world and people can see it and respond accordingly (Duncan, 2005, p. 1). Advertisements are primarily meant to have an influence in the behaviors and attitudes of people that would result in favoring the organization and its products (Janoschka, 2004, p. 12). It is necessary for a company like TelePacific that its approach towards promotion and advertising should be designed in such a way that it helps in building strong customer relationships, and creating brand awareness amongst people through integrated marketing communication (IMC). TelePacific needs to design and plan for its promotional activities in such a way which would help the organization not only to expand its customer base but also to retain its valuable existing customers. It should be able to communicate to its customers the differentiating factors incorporated in i ts products and services which are unavailable in the products and services offered by any other companies in the market. In a nutshell it needs to strengthen its competitive advantage in the market through all its promotional efforts using various means of advertising through different media. The company has to advertise its website using those advertising media through proper blend of traditional and digital options. The top two products or services that have been identified for TelePacific include its voice services and data networking services. The company has a competitive advantage over its competitors on these two services offered by them. Hence, the promotional activities and the corresponding advertisements need to be focused on these two services. Various media can be utilized by the company to advertise its services. The company needs to promote its website to create awareness amongst people about its different types of services and products with its primary focus on the two services as mentioned before. The advertisements will be as such that it would help to promote its services through cross-selling between digital and traditional options. Two such advertising options for the company which would help to advertise its website includes an advertisement in a magazine (Figure - 1), and advertising in the form of a banner (Figure - 2). Apart from Nevada and California, TelePacific is planning to expand its business at Texas as well. Hence, its promotional activities will be primarily focused on its target customers based on Texas. It would also help to retain its existing customers at Nevada and Califo

Management Control: Purpose and Strategies

Management Control: Purpose and Strategies Controlling is one of the four main functions in management. It is important to managers in order to ensure all planning, organising and leading run as smoothly as desired. If managers are able to ensure that each plan made and every task given to the employees are carried out perfectly, and the results expected is what had been planned, control is not required. Unfortunately, managers are not able to ensure these conditions will run smoothly without the occurrence of any problems since most planning is done by humans and humans are known to be diverse in terms of abilities, motivation and others. In a rapidly changing business environment, not only the expected results must be controlled, planning must also be monitored and controlled. 11.1.1 Definition of Control Management control is a systematic effort to fix or establish the standard of performance through planning objectives, designing information feedback systems, comparing true performance with the fixed standard, determining whether there are any disadvantages or weaknesses and taking suitable actions to ensure all resources within the organisation can be used in the most effective and efficient way in achieving the objective of the organisation. Control is the process of ensuring that organisational activities are running according to plan. This process can be carried out by comparing the true performance with the standard that has been established and taking corrective actions in order to rectify any distortion that does not comply with the standard. The main purpose of control in management is to prepare managers to face future or existing problems before they turn critical. In general, an organisation with a good control mechanism will have the advantage of competing strength compared to organisations without a good control system. The following are several examples of the importance of control for organisations: 11.1.2 Quality Assurance The smooth running of a particular process can be monitored and problems can be avoided by having control. Control is able to stimulate the organisation to monitor and increase the quality of products and services offered. Through the activities related to the control process, members of the organisation will always be driven to act according to the plans that have been established. 11.1.3 Preparation to Face Changes Change cannot be avoided. Change in environmental factors such as markets, competitors, technology and legislation makes the control process important for managers in responding towards opportunities and threats. Control helps the organisation to suit its products to the needs and wants of consumers in the market. 11.1.4 Steps in the Control Process A control process has three basic needs: fixing of standards to be used in measuring the level of growth; monitoring decisions and comparing it to the standards, that is, the comparison of the organisationà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s true performance with the planned performance; and finally, taking corrective actions in rectifying any disadvantages and weaknesses that occurred in achieving the performance that has already been set. Establishing Standards Standard is the base for comparison to measure the level of performance of a company in order to find out whether the company is compliant. Standard is the point of reference in making comparisons to another value. Standard can be defined as what is required out of a particular job or an individual. In management control, standards are usually derived from the objectives. Standards should be easy to be measured and interpreted. A specific objective that can be measured makes it more suitable to be used as a standard. If this standard is not clearly and specifically stated, it may be interpreted in a different way and will then raise various difficulties that can affect the goals of the organisation. In general, there are three types of standards: physical standard such as quantity of products and services, number of customers and quality of products and services; financial standard which is stated in the form of money, and this includes labour cost, sales cost, material cost, sales revenue, profit margin and others; and lastly, time standard which includes the performance rate of a particular task or the time period required to complete a particular task. Measuring Performance and Making Comparisons Performance measurement is a type of control. Actual results need to be monitored to ensure that output produced is according to the specific standard. The main purpose of performance monitoring is to gather data and detect deviation and problem areas. Measurement has no meaning if it is not compared to the standard. The next step is performing the comparison of standards. Comparison of standard is a process where comparison is made between the true performances with the standard set. This step is important because it allows any deviation or distortion to be detected and corrective actions can be taken in order to achieve the goals that have been set. Corrective Actions It is often found that managers establish standards and monitor decisions but do not take suitable actions. The first and second steps in control will be meaningless if corrective actions are not taken. Before taking any steps in correcting, detailed analysis must be carried out in order to find out the factors that caused the particular deviation. This corrective action may involve change in one or more operation activities of the organisation such as modification, repairing of machines, preparation of certain courses and others, or it might also involve a change in the fixed standard. Corrective action is a process of identifying the distorted performance, analysing the distortion and developing and implementing programmes in order to rectify it. 11.2 THE CONTROL PROCESS The running of a control process is a continuous act. This process cannot be done only once in order to gain the achievement expected. This is considered as a dynamic process. This dynamic process begins with looking at the true performance and measuring the achievement level of that particular performance. Managers will then compare the performance achieved with the performance that has been fixed. If there happens to be any difference, it must be analysed in order to identify the cause of the differences and this is followed by the correcting act. This process must be done repeatedly and must be given full attention by the manager in order to achive the performance goals set. 11.2.1 Basic Methods of Control According to Williams (2000), a control process consists of three basic methods which are identified as future control, concurrent control and feedback control. 11.2.2 Future Control This type of control is also known as prevention control. This involves the use of information, including information from the latest results, is to forecast what will happen in the future so that preventive measures can be taken. It is implemented to prevent the occurrence of deviation between what had really happened with what is expected to happen. Prevention is carried out through detailed analysis on the input before it is accepted into the process of organisation transformation. Input is ensured to comply with the quality standards established so that the results obtained are as expected. One example of the use of this control is when a manager ensures that the sample of raw material that is going to be used complies with the standard established by the organisation or based on certain specifications to avoid damage towards the product in the future. 11.2.3 Concurrent Control Concurrent control is carried out during the process of transformation. When this control is carried out, restoration actions, corrective actions or modifications are done after distortion is detected. For a production-oriented organisation, this controlling action is taken while input is being processed while for service-oriented organisations, it is taken while service is being provided. Through this method of control, organisations will monitor their operations and simultaneously take the necessary corrective actions before the transformation process is completed. This will help to reduce mistakes in the outputs being produced. Examples of this method of control are mid-term examinations, control of accounts, control of inventories and others. 11.2.4 Feedback Control Feedback control involves gathering information related to the weaknesses of controlling measures after an incident takes place. This type of control is implemented after the transformation process has been completed with the purpose of finding out whether the whole activity ran properly with results as expected. This control is also able to determine whether the plan that is going to be carried out has the continuity with the previous programme. It is also able to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the involved parties in performing the activities of the organisation. An example of this method of control is the use of low-quality raw materials that resulted in the production of low-quality products. The act of changing the raw materials used is one of the examples of feedback control. 11.2.5 Types of Control According to Williams (2000), there are five forms of control that can be used by managers in implementing the process of control à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ bureaucratic, objective, normative, concertive and self. Figure 9.3 illustrates these five forms of control. Bureaucratic Control This method uses hierarchy authority to influence employees. Rewards are given to employees who obey and punishment is meted out to employees who do not obey the policies, regulations and procedure of the organisation. Objective Control This method uses the measurement of observation towards the behaviour of employees or output produced to evaluate work performance. Managers are more focused on the observation or measurement towards the behaviour of employees or outputs rather than the policies or rules. Objective control consists of two forms of control; behaviour control and output control. Behaviour control Behaviour control is the rule of behaviour and actions that controls the behaviour of employees in their tasks. Output control Output control is the form of control that controls the output of employees by granting rewards and incentives. Important features in the implementation of output control are reliability, fairness and accuracy, convincing employees and managers to achieve the expected results while rewards and incentives depend on the performance standard that has been established. Normative Control Normative control is a method that arranges the behaviour of employees and results through norms and beliefs shared together among all the members within the organisation. There are two main substances in this type of control which are, sensitivity towards selection of employees based on their attitude and norms, and obtaining inspiration based on experience and observation of employees. Concertive Control This is a method that uses the norms and behaviour discussed, formed and agreed by the work group. This form of control plays a role in an autonomous work group. An autonomous work group is a work group that operates without the presence of a manager and is fully responsible for the control of process, task group, output and behaviour. Autonomous work groups gradually grow through two stages of concertive control. First, members work and learn from each other, supervising the work of each member and develop norms and beliefs that guide and control them. Secondly, the appearance and acceptance of objectives as guide and control of behaviour. Self Control It is a system where managers and employees control their own behaviour by establishing their own goals; monitor their own progress and their own achievements of goals, and reward themselves when goals have been achieved. EXERCISE 9.2 11.3 FACTORS THAT NEED TO BE CONTROLLED Determining the matters to be controlled is as important as making decisions on whether to control or in what method should control be done. There are several perspectives that need to be controlled by a manager in order for the organisation to be able to achieve the goals expected. 11.3.1 Financial Perspective One of the important areas that need to be controlled is finance. There are times when the financial performance does not reach the expected standard. If this condition remains undetected and relevant actions are not taken, the existence of the company might be in jeopardy. Financial perspective is generally related to activities such as sales, purchases and others. Financial statements are important sources of financial information for an organisation. A balance sheet shows how strong the financial position, assets, liabilities and the position of the equity holder for a certain financial period. A profit-loss statement or income statement shows the summary of the operational activities and the relationship between expenditure and revenue for a particular financial year. There is a new approach in the financial perspective known as economic value added. Economic value added is the total profit of a company which exceeds the capital cost in a particular year. In this perspective, a manager must impose control so that the total profit of a company always exceeds the capital cost for the company to continuously gain economic value added. 11.3.2 Human Resource Perspective The control towards human resources is vital for organisations. If an organisation is unable to control its human resources properly such as losing expert workforce hence it will jeopardise the performance and achievement of the company. Organisations need to have planning that is able to motivate the employees. For example, organisations need to be concerned regarding the problems faced by the employees by creating harmonious discussions between the management and the employees union. 11.3.3 Quality Perspective Internal operations of organisations are usually measured through quality. Operations control is very important for every organisation especially for manufacturing firms. This is because efficiency and effectiveness of operations control will determine the level of production and organisational performance as fixed by the standard. The quality value of products and services produced based on the standard will be able to strengthen the perception of the customers towards the quality of goods that they had purchased. For example, the control of product quality is able to reduce waste and product defects and this will further save cost. Inventory control is also effective in reducing the costs of investments related to inventory 11.3.4 Consumer Perspective In order to measure the performance of customers, an organisation needs to impose control on customers who leave the organisation and not based on the survey of customer satisfaction. In this perspective, the manager will make evaluation by measuring the percentage rate of customers who left the organisation. By controlling customers from leaving the organisation, a company will be able to increase profits. For example, the cost in obtaining a new customer is five times more compared to the cost of retaining an existing customer. SUMMARY The main purpose of management control is to prepare managers to face existing or future problems before it becomes critical. Management control has three basic needs: establishing standards; monitoring decision and comparing it to the standard; and making corrections on any distortion that occurred between the true decision and the standard. Control is a dynamic process because it is a continuous process. Control process consists of three basic methods: future control which is also known as prevention control; concurrent or present control; and feedback control. There are five forms of control that can be used by managers in implementing the control process: bureaucratic, objective, normative, concertive and self. In order to ensure that the organisation can achieve its goals, several important perspectives must be controlled à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ finance, human resource, quality and customers.

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Canterbury Christ Church University College This is a report on the Canterbury Christ Church University College. The complete address of the University is given at the end of the report. The report discusses the background of the University and then the educational and the administrative activities of the University. Specific attention has been given to the BA (Hons) American Studies program. Canterbury Christ Church University College offers a wide range of undergraduate, postgraduate degree, diploma and professional courses such as social work, sociology, social policy, social science, psychology, criminology, social science, society and science. Number of students: Its student population numbers well over 12,000, including many mature and part-time students. Many of the College’s students are mature, with 50% aged thirty or over, partly reflecting the substantial amount of continuing professional development courses. Two thirds of students come from Canterbury and the res t of Kent. A small proportion of overseas students join the College and a number of staff participate in exchange programs with the USA or other countries.  The College is a Church of England Foundation with students of many faiths and of none amongst its members. Programs offered: Business and Science, Education, Health, Arts and Humanities. Diplomas, first and higher degrees and other postgraduate courses and research programs are offered. Some courses provide initial professional qualification such as those for teachers, nurses and social workers. Other work addresses the needs of existing practitioners for continuing professional development and advanced study. Teacher Training: The teacher training and nursing programs at Christ Church have long enjoyed a... ...ernational student. The IO also supports international students once they arrive in Canterbury, organizing an induction program and providing a focus for students during their stay at the College. The Student Support Officer is dedicated to international students' needs and arranges a social program including local excursions and visits to London and other European capitals. Staff: The College employs 1150 staff and generates an income of  £50 million for the economy of Kent.  Academic work is organized into four Faculties and an Associate Faculty:   Arts and Humanities Business and Sciences Education Health Salomons Associate Faculty, an associate faculty located at Tunbridge Wells. References Canterbury Campus Canterbury Christ Church University College North Holmes Road Canterbury Kent CT1 1QU United Kingdom http://www.cant.ac.uk/ (Accessed 13-05-03)

Technical Writing Pdf Essay

1. Overview The traditional way of writing government documents has not worked well. Too often, complicated and jargon-filled documents have resulted in frustration, lawsuits, and a lack of trust between citizens and their government. To overcome this legacy, we have a great responsibility to communicate clearly. Studies show that clearly written regulations improve compliance and decrease litigation. Writing that considers our readers’ needs improves the relationship between the government and the public it serves. Clear writing reduces the burden on the public. It also reduces our burden because we don’t have to deal with the consequences of unclear communication. How can we be better writers? We believe that the most important goals are these– †¢ Write for your reader †¢ Write clearly †¢ Write in a visually appealing style The next several pages summarize some of the best techniques to achieve these three goals. Following the summary, you’ll find detailed suggestions for applying these techniques to your writing. Write for Your Reader Writing for your readers sends a message that you have considered who they are and what they need to know. When you communicate a concern for your readers’ needs, they are more likely to be receptive to your message. When your document is plainly written, your readers are more likely to– †¢ Understand what you want and take appropriate action †¢ Focus on key information †¢ Believe that you are concerned with their needs Identify your audience Identify your audience early and think about why the reader needs to read the document. Identify people who will be interested, even if they are not directly affected. Write to everyone who is interested, not just to technical or legal experts. Keep in mind the average reader’s level of technical expertise. Organize to meet your reader’s needs People read documents to get answers. They want to know how to do something or what happens if they don’t do something. Organize your document to respond to these concerns. Frequently this means describing events as they occur–you fill out an application to get a benefit, you submit the application, the agency reviews the application, the agency makes a decision on the application. Think through the questions your readers are likely to ask and then organize them in that order. For regulations, you can organize them into a comprehensive table of contents that will be an outline of the document. Use a question-and-answer format As much as possible, write section headings as questions. Try to ask the questions your readers would ask. Answer each question immediately. Using the question-and-answer format helps readers to scan the document and find the information they want. It also increases the chances that they will see a question that they didn’t have, but need to know the answer to. This format is enormously helpful to readers. Use â€Å"you† and other pronouns to speak directly to readers â€Å"You† reinforces the message that the document is intended for your reader in a way that â€Å"he,† â€Å"she,† or â€Å"they† cannot. More than any other single technique, using â€Å"you† pulls readers into your document and makes it relevant to them. Using â€Å"we† to refer to your agency makes your sentences shorter and your document more accessible readers. Use the active voice Active voice makes it clear who is supposed to do what. It eliminates ambiguity about responsibilities. Not: â€Å"It must be done. † But, â€Å"You [or someone else] must do it. † Using passive voice, which obscures who is responsible for what, is one of the biggest problems with government documents. Use the appropriate tone In regulations, tone is not really an issue. But the tone of other documents, such as letters, affects how well the reader takes in your message. A cold tone can cause the reader to tune out the message. In some cases, it causes him to put down your document rather than attempting to read it at all. Select the tone based on who your reader is and what his or her circumstances are. Write Clearly For years, most of us have addressed our documents mainly to technical experts and lawyers, rather than to the many other readers we want to influence. A jargon-laden, legalistic style does not clearly convey important information. You can reduce confusion or misinterpretation for all readers without sacrificing the technical integrity of your writing. How can you write more clearly? Government documents such as regulations present special challenges because of the highly technical information they often contain. At the same time, you have multiple audiences, some highly knowledgeable, some less so. In fact, focus-group results show that even technical experts do not always understand technical language easily or quickly. The following techniques will help ensure that you keep your language clear, so that your users can focus on technical information. Use short sentences Express only one idea in each sentence. Long, complicated sentences often mean that you aren’t clear about what you want to say. Shorter sentences show clear thinking. Shorter sentences are also better for conveying complex information; they break the information up into smaller, easier-to-process units. Vary your sentence structure to avoid choppiness, but don’t revert to tangled multi-clause sentences. Write to one person, not to a group Use singular nouns, pronouns, and verbs to direct your writing to one individual reader. This prevents confusion about whether a requirement applies to readers acting individually or in groups. Use the simplest tense you can Using simple present tense avoids the clutter of compound verbs and clearly conveys what is standard practice. Use â€Å"must† to convey requirements Use â€Å"must† for obligation, â€Å"may† for permission, and â€Å"should† for preference. Use â€Å"must not† to convey prohibitions. Avoid the ambiguous â€Å"shall. † When was the last time you heard â€Å"shall† in everyday conversation? Place words carefully There are several ways you can reduce ambiguity– †¢ Keep subjects and objects close to their verbs. †¢ Put conditionals such as â€Å"only† or â€Å"always† and other modifiers next to the words they modify. Write â€Å"you are required to provide only the following,† not â€Å"you are only required to provide the following. † †¢ Put long conditions after the main clause. Write â€Å"complete form 9-123 if you own more than 50 acres and cultivate grapes,† not â€Å"if you own more than 50 acres and cultivate grapes, complete form 9-123. † Use â€Å"if-then† tables If material is particularly complex and many conditional situations are involved, put it in an â€Å"if-then† table. Avoid words and constructions that cause confusion. Common sources of confusion include– †¢ Undefined or overused abbreviations and acronyms †¢ Two different terms used for the same thing (car, vehicle, auto, conveyance–choose one) †¢ Giving an obscure technical or legal meaning to a word commonly understood to mean something different (defining â€Å"car† to include trucks) †¢ Legal, technical, and â€Å"fashionable,† but confusing, jargon †¢ Strings of nouns forming complex constructions (surface water quality protection procedures) †¢ Pronouns that don’t clearly refer to specific nouns †¢ Stilted, wordy language Use contractions when appropriate. Contractions can speed reading, improve accuracy, and sometimes soften the tone of your documents. Write in a Visually Appealing Style We want our documents to help readers get information, comply with requirements, and apply for benefits with the minimum possible burden. Visually appealing documents are far easier to understand than more traditional styles. Traditional government documents are often dense and confusing. Replace blocks of text with headings, tables, and more white space. You will help your reader by making the main points readily apparent and grouping related items together. Use a clear and uncrowded presentation and your readers will be more likely to understand what you want to convey. In turn, your readers will be more likely to do what you want them to do in their dealings with your agency. How can you make your documents visually appealing? With visual layout, you draw your readers’ attention to information they need to know. Even though various government requirements, such as the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) format, constrain government writers in a number of ways, you can still take significant steps to make your documents visually appealing to the reader. Use lots of informative headings. Headings attract your readers’ attention to important information. They help readers find their way through a document and locate important points. Pack each heading with lots of information. How often have you seen several different sections entitled â€Å"applications† or â€Å"appeals† in one set of documents? Applications for what? Appeals of what? If you say â€Å"Applications for underground mining permits on public land† the reader knows exactly what you’re talking about, and knows the difference between that section and another section entitled â€Å"Applications for a temporary use permit to transport cattle across public land. †On the other hand, headings should not be so long that they overwhelm the material in the section itself. Write short sections Short sections break up the material into easily understood segments and allow you to introduce a little white space. Short sections look easier to read and understand. Long sections can appear difficult and forbidding, even before someone tries to read them. Include only one issue in each paragraph Limiting each paragraph to one issue gives the document a clean appearance and contributes to the impression that it is easy to read and understand. By presenting only one issue in each paragraph, you can use informative headings that reflect the entire issue covered by the paragraph. Use vertical lists Vertical lists highlight a series of requirements or other information in a visually clear way. Use vertical lists to help your reader focus on important material. Vertical lists– †¢ Highlight levels of importance †¢ Help the reader understand the order in which things happen †¢ Make it easy for the reader to identify all necessary steps in a process †¢ Add blank space for easy reading Use tested emphasis techniques to highlight important points. Emphasis techniques are useful to draw the reader’s attention to a line or two. You should use techniques like bold and italics that have been tested on readers; they draw the reader’s attention to the area and are easy to read. You shouldn’t use ALL CAPS; they’re much harder to read. 2. Techniques for Better Writing This section provides examples of how to use the techniques listed in the overview. The examples are drawn from different agencies across the Federal government. Because we originally wrote this guidance for regulations writers, most of the examples are from regulations. You won’t find any of these exact examples in the Code of Federal Regulations. We’ve altered them to provide what we think are better examples of the techniques we recommend. Identify and write for your audience Identify who is affected by a document and write to get their attention and answer their questions. You have to grab your readers’ attention if you want to get your ideas across. Let’s face it, readers just want to know what applies to them. The best way to grab and hold their attention is to figure out who they are and what they want to know. Put yourself in their shoes. It will give you a new perspective. Tell your readers why the material is important to them. Say, â€Å"If you want a research grant, here’s what you have to do. † Or, â€Å"If you want to mine federal coal, here’s what you should know. † Or, â€Å"If you are planning a trip to Rwanda, read this first. † Identifying your audience should do more than just cause you to make sure the terms you use are clear. It should help you focus on the reader’s needs. You should do this by thinking about what your reader knows about the situation now. Then think about how to guide them from their current knowledge to what you need them to know. To help you do this, try answering the following questions– †¢ Who is the reader? †¢ Is there a secondary reader we need to give information? †¢ What does the reader(s) already know about the subject? †¢ What questions will the reader(s) have? †¢ What’s the best outcome for my agency? What do I need to say to get this outcome? †¢ What’s the best outcome for the reader? What do I need to say to get this outcome? Guide your readers from Point A to Point B in as straight a line as possible. Anticipate the questions readers have about what to read next. Many times a document has more than one audience. You may be talking to exporters and importers, or coal miners and surface owners, or airlines and passengers. NEPA documents typically speak to both stakeholders and agency decision makers. Break your documents down into essential elements and determine which elements apply to each part of your audience. Then group the elements according to who is affected. If you are writing about research grants, first tell the professor what he or she must do; then tell the university accounting department what it must do. Identify clearly whom you are speaking to in each section. Don’t make a reader go through material only to find out at the end that the section doesn’t apply. |Grant applications must provide the following information: |(a) When you apply for a grant, you must send us: | | | | |(a) Prior experience in the area covered by the grant; |(1) A description of your experience in the area covered by | |(b) Publications relevant to the area of the grant; |the grant; and | |(c) Other grants held at the time of application; | | |(d) Name and address of the chief financial officer; |(2) Copies of any material that you have published relevant | |(e) Nature of in-kind match being provided; |to the area of the grant. | |(f) Approved overhead rate; and | | |(g) Total proposed budget. |(b) Your financial office must send us– | | | | | |(1) The name and address of the chief financial officer; | | | | | |(2) A description of the in-kind match you will provide; | | | | | |(3) Your approved overhead rate; and | | | | | |(4) A proposed budget. | Organize to meet your readers’ needs Well-organized, detailed tables of contents make it easy for the reader to identify all elements in a document. Part of serving your readers better is organizing your document so that they can understand how a program works and where to find instructions for each step they need to complete. Your table of contents should be a reliable road map that readers can follow to get through a process painlessly. The table of contents below is organized in a logical sequence for a discretionary grant program. The organization follows the order in which events occur and in which the public might ask questions about the program. Part 791: Javits Gifted and Talented Students Subpart A: How the Grant Program Works Sec. 791. 1What is the Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Program? 791. 2Am I eligible for a Javits Grant? 791. 3What activities are appropriate for Javits Grant funding? 791. 4What funding priorities may the Secretary establish? 791. 5What other regulations apply to the Javits Grant? 791. 6What definitions apply to the Javits Grant? Subpart B: How to Apply for an Award 791. 10Where do I write to obtain a Javits Grant application? 791. 11What materials do I need to submit to be considered for a Javits Grant? 791. 12Where do I send my application? 791. 13When is my application due? Subpart C: How the Secretary Makes an Award 791. 20How will the Secretary evaluate my application for a Javits Grant? 791. 21What selection criteria does the Secretary use to award Javits Grants? 791. 22Does the Secretary consider additional factors? Subpart D: Grantees’ Rights and Responsibilities 791. 30 Under what conditions may I use my Javits Grant award? 791. 31What are my responsibilities for serving students and teachers in private schools? The same organization works well for almost any type of regulation. Here’s an example of an administrative regulation– Part 725–CLAIMS FOR BENEFITS UNDER THE FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT General 725. 1What does this program cover? 725. 2What special terms do I need to know to understand this part? Who is Covered. 725. 201Who is entitled to benefits under this program? 725. 202How long can my benefits last? 725. 203Are my dependents entitled to benefits? 725. 204How long will their benefits last? 725. 205Am I still eligible if I am convicted of a felony? How to Apply for Benefits 725. 301How do I file a claim? 725. 302Can other people give evidence on my behalf? 725. 303Are there any time limits for filing my claim? 725. 304Can I modify or withdraw my claim? How to Appeal Agency Decisions 725. 401Can I appeal a decision if I don’t agree with it? 725. 402How do I file an appeal? 725. 403How long do I have to file an appeal? 725. 404What types of evidence must I submit? 725. 405What happens if I won’t get a medical examination? Use useful headings 3 There are three types of headings– |Question Heading |A heading in the form of a question |Why Do We Use Headings? | |Statement Heading |A heading that uses a noun and a verb |Headings Help Guide a Reader | |Topic Heading |A heading that is a word or short phrase |Helpful Headings | Question Headings are the most useful. They ask the questions that readers are asking and guide them to the answers. Statement Headings are the next best choice because they are still very specific. Topic Headings are the most formal so many times management is more comfortable with them. But sometimes they’re so vague that they just aren’t that helpful. It’s best to stay with just one type of heading. The question-and-answer format is the most efficient way to communicate with your reader. The reader comes to your document with questions that he or she needs answered. It’s much more efficient to anticipate the reader’s questions and pose them as he or she would. By doing this, you make it easier for the reader to find information. | § 254. 11 Indian Rights. | § 254. 11 How do the procedures in this part affect Indian rights? | | § 254. 12 Applications. | | | § 254. 13 Multi-tribal grants. | § 254. 12 How do I apply for a grant under this part? | | § 254. 14 Administrative requirements. | | | § 254. 15 Appeals | § 254. 13. When must I submit my application? | | | | | | § 254. 14 Can a multi-tribal organization submit a single grant | | |request? | | | | | | § 254. 15 What special information do I need for an application by a | | |multi-tribal organization? | | | | | | § 254. 16 Must each tribe in a multi-tribal organization submit | | |certification forms and budgets? | | | | | | § 254. 17 If I receive a grant under this part, what requirements must | | |I follow? | | | | | | § 254. 18 What reports must I submit after receiving a grant? | | | | | | § 254. 19 How can I appeal administrative actions under this part? | The original version had short headings that were not helpful to the reader. In the new version, we’ve identified with the reader and written additional questions that became separate sections. Use pronouns to represent the reader and to refer to your agency. By using â€Å"you,† you address your reader personally and add immediacy to your document. When you address the reader as â€Å"you,† the reader feels that you are addressing him or her directly. Remember that even though your document may affect a thousand or a million people, you are speaking to the one person who is reading it. When your writing reflects this, it is more economical and has a greater impact on the reader. By using â€Å"you† to answer the reader’s questions, you clarify whom you are addressing. |Copies of tax returns must be provided. |You must provide copies of your tax returns. | Writing for an individual reader forces you to analyze carefully what you want the reader to do. By writing to an individual, you will find it easier to– †¢ Put information in a logical order †¢ Answer questions and provide the information that your reader wants to know †¢ Assign responsibilities and requirements clearly Be sure to define â€Å"you† clearly. |Facilities in regional and district offices are available to |If you are a member of the public, you can get copies of our | |the public during normal business hours for requesting †¦ |records at any regional district office †¦ | Define â€Å"you† by any of the following methods– †¢ State in the beginning of the document who the audience is–â€Å"This regulation tells you, a loan applicant, how to secure a loan. † †¢ Define â€Å"you† in the Definitions section–â€Å"You† means a loan applicant. †¢ Where you address different readers in different parts of the document, define â€Å"you† in each context– â€Å"How do different types of borrowers apply for a loan? If you are a small business, you must submit . . . If you are an individual, you must submit . . . † It’s especially important to define â€Å"you† where there are multiple audiences. |Lessees and operators are responsible for restoring the site. |Lessees and operators are responsible for restoring the site. | |You must ensure that †¦ |If you are the operator, you must conduct all operations in a| | |way †¦ If you are the lessee, you must monitor the operator| | |to ensure that †¦ | You may want to use â€Å"I† to refer to the reader. Since the question-and-answer format assumes that the reader is the one asking the questions, you should use â€Å"I† in questions to refer to the reader. Don’t use â€Å"I† in responses. In responses your agency (represented by â€Å"we†) addresses the reader. By using â€Å"I† to ask questions in headings, you are anticipating questions the reader may have. |Submission of applications. |How do I apply for a loan? | By using â€Å"we† to respond to questions, you state clearly what your agency requires and what your agency’s responsibilities are. You also avoid the passive and use fewer words. Since you will never be asking the questions (only the reader does that), you should not use â€Å"we† in section headings. You can define â€Å"we† in the definitions sections of your document if that will help the reader. |Loan applications will be reviewed to ensure that procedures |We review your loan application to ensure that you have | |have been followed. |followed our procedures. | |The Office of Consumer Affairs will process your application |We’ll process your application within 30 days of receiving it. | |within 30 days after receipt. | | Use active voice Active voice is the best way to identify who is responsible for what action. In an active sentence, the person or agency taking an action is the subject of the sentence. In a passive sentence, the person or item that is acted upon is the subject of the sentence. Passive sentences often do not identify who is performing the action. |The lake was polluted by the company. |The company polluted the lake. | |New regulations were proposed. |We proposed new regulations. | |The following information must be included in the |You must include the following information in your | |application for it be considered complete. |complete application. | |Bonds will be withheld in cases of non-compliance with all|We will withhold your bond if you don’t comply with all | |permits and conditions. |permit terms and conditions. | More than any other writing technique, using active voice and specifying who is taking an action will change the character of our writing. How do you identify passive sentences? Passive sentences have two basic features, although both do not appear in every passive sentence. †¢ A past participle (generally with â€Å"ed† on the end); and †¢ A form of the verb â€Å"to be. † |Regulations have been proposed by the Department of |We have proposed regulations. | |Veterans Affairs. | | |The permit will be approved by the agency’s State office. |Our State office must approve your permit. | In a very few instances, passive voice may be appropriate. For example, when one action follows another as a matter of law, and there is no actor (besides the law itself) for the second action, a passive sentence may be the best method of expression. |If you do not pay the royalty on your mineral production, you lease will be terminated [by the action of the law]. | Write Clearly Break your material into short sentences The best way to tell your reader what you want is a short, straightforward sentence. Complex sentences loaded with dependent clauses and exceptions confuse the reader by losing the main point in a forest of words. Resist the temptation to put everything in one sentence; break up your idea into its various parts and make each one the subject of its own sentence. |For good reasons, the Secretary may grant extensions of |We may extend the time you have to file the lease and | |time in 30-day increments for filing of the lease and all |required bonds. Each extension will be for a 30-day | |required bonds, provided that additional extension |period. To get an extension, you must write to us giving | |requests are submitted and approved before the expiration |the reasons that you need more time. We must receive your | |of the original 30 days or the previously granted |extension request in time to approve it before your | |extension. |current deadline or extension expires. | Complexity is the greatest enemy of clear communication. You may need to be especially inventive to translate complicated provisions into more manageable language. In the following example, we have made an â€Å"if† clause into a separate sentence. By beginning the first sentence with â€Å"suppose that† and the second sentence with â€Å"in this case,† we have preserved the relationship between the two. |If you take less than your entitled share of production |Suppose that one month you pay royalties on your full | |for any month, but you pay royalties on the full volume of|share of production but take less than your entitled | |your entitled share in accordance with the provisions of |share. In this case, you may balance your account in one | |this section, you will owe no additional royalty for that |of the following ways without having to pay more royalty. | |lease for prior periods when you later take more than your|You may either: | |entitled share to balance your account. This also applies | | |when the other participants pay you money to balance your |(a) Take more than your entitled share in the future; or | |account. | | | |(b) Accept money from other participants. | Address One Person, Not a Group Singular nouns and verbs prevent confusion about whether a requirement applies to individual readers or to groups. In the following example, the reader doesn’t know whether each applicant must file applications at several offices, or whether applicants who are members of a group must file individual requests. |Individuals and organizations wishing to apply must file |You must apply at least 30 days before you need the | |applications with the appropriate offices in a timely |certification. | |manner. | | | |(a) If you are an individual, apply at the State office in| | |the State where you reside. | | | | | |(b) If you are an organization, apply at the State office | | |in the State where your headquarters is located. | In addressing a single person, you can avoid awkwardness by using â€Å"you† to address the reader directly, rather than using â€Å"his or her† or â€Å"he or she. † |The applicant must provide his or her mailing address and |You must provide your mailing address and identification | |his or her identification number. |number. | Your reader probably will need only a single permit, application, or license. Thus, writing in the singular means that it will apply to the reader as written, eliminating the need to â€Å"translate. † Use present tense whenever possible A document written in the present tense is more immediate and less complicated. Using the present tense makes your document more direct and forceful. The more you use conditional or future tense, the harder your reader has to work to understand your meaning. Writing entirely in the present tense saves your reader work and helps you to make your point clearly. |These sections describe types of information that would |These sections tell you how to meet the requirements of | |satisfy the application requirements of Circular A-110 as |Circular A-110 for this grant program. | |it would apply to this grant program. | | Even if you are covering an event that occurred in the past, you can clarify the material for your reader by writing as much as possible in the present tense. |Applicants who were Federal employees at the time that the|You may not be covered under this part if: | |injury was sustained should have filed a compensation | | |request at that time. Failure to do so could have an |(a) You were a Federal employee at the time of the injury;| |effect on the degree to which the applicant can be covered|and | |under this part. | | | |(b) You did not file a report with us at that time. | You help your reader understand and relate to your document if you eliminate the need for him or her to â€Å"translate† the text from the past or conditional tense into the present. Remember, the less work your reader has to do to understand, the better he or she can follow your instructions. Occasionally, of course, you may need to use other tenses. For example, NEPA documents frequently refer to what may happen in the future if certain events occur. But use tenses other than the present only when necessary for accuracy. Use â€Å"must† to indicate requirements The word â€Å"must† is the clearest way to convey to your readers that they have to do something. â€Å"Shall† is one of those officious and obsolete words that has encumbered legal style writing for many years. The message that â€Å"shall† sends to the reader is, â€Å"this is deadly material. † â€Å"Shall† is also obsolete; when was the last time you heard it used in everyday speech? Besides being outdated, â€Å"shall† is imprecise. It can indicate either an obligation or a prediction. Dropping â€Å"shall† is a major step in making your document more reader friendly. Don’t be intimidated by the argument that using â€Å"must† will lead to a lawsuit. Many agencies already use the word â€Å"must† to convey obligations with no adverse legal effects. You can avoid â€Å"shall† by substituting â€Å"must† to indicate an obligation or â€Å"will† to indicate that an action will occur in the future. Be careful to consider which meaning you intend to communicate to your readers. |Section 5511. 1 Free Use of Timber on Oil and Gas Leases |Section 5511. 1 Can I use the timber on my oil or gas | | |lease for fuel? | |(a) Any oil or gas lessee who wishes to use timber for | | |fuel in drilling operations shall file an application |You must file an application to use the timber on your oil| |therefor with the officer who issued the lease. |or gas lease for fuel. File the application with our | | |office where you got your lease. | |(b) The applicant shall be notified by registered mail in | | |all cases where the permit applied for is not granted, and|Section 5511. 12 Will you notify me if you reject my | |shall be given 30 days within which to appeal such |application? | |decision. | | | |Our agency will notify you by registered mail if we reject| |(c) Where the land is occupied by a settler, the |your application. You must file an appeal of that | |applicant shall serve notice on the settler by registered |decision within 30 days. | |mail showing the amount and kind of timber he has applied | | |for. |Section 5511. 13 Must I notify anyone that I have applied | | |for use of the timber? | | | | | |You must notify any settler, by registered mail, that you | | |have applied to use timber from your lease. Include in | | |your notice: | | | | | |(a) The amount of timber you applied for; and | | | | | |(b) The kind of timber you applied for. | Place words carefully Avoid ambiguous phrasing that can mislead your reader. How you place words in relation to each other can greatly affect your document. Using short sentences will often make this problem disappear. In the example below, it’s difficult for the reader of the provision on the left to figure out which words relate to the forest products, which relate to the tribe, and which relate to the payments. |Upon the request of an Indian tribe, the Secretary may |If you ask us, we will require purchasers of your forest | |provide that the purchaser of the forest products of such|products to deposit their payment into an account that you| |tribe, which are harvested under a timber sale contract, |designate. | |permit, o.   

Micromax Info Essay

Regd. Office: 21/14, Naraina Industrial Area, New Delhi-110028. CODE OF CONDUCT FOR DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT, OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES OF MICROMAX INFORMATICS LTD. MICROMAX INFORMATICS LIMITED is committed to conducting its business in accordance with the applicable laws, rules and regulations and with highest standards of business ethics. This code is intended to provide guidance and help in recognizing and dealing with ethical issues, provide mechanisms to report unethical conduct, and to help foster a culture of honesty and accountability. Each Director, senior manager, officer and employee is expected to comply with the letter and spirit of this code. The Directors, senior management, officers and employees of the Company must not only comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations but should also promote honest and ethical conduct of the business. They must abide by the policies and procedures that govern the conduct of the Company’s business. Their responsibilities include helping to create and maintain a culture of high ethical standards and commitment to compliance, and to maintain a work environment that encourages the stakeholders to raise concerns to the attention of the management. A present, overall, contents of this Code are in practice, being already followed by the Directors and the Senior Management, however, in compliance with the new Clause 49 of the listing agreement, the Code as set out below, is to take effect from the date, when approved by the Board in its meeting 1. APPLICABILITY: The Code is applicable to all the members of the Board of Directors, Senior Management, Officers and employees of the Company. Senior Management shall include all executives holding the positions of Director (Non-Board Member/s), Sr. Manager, Managers, Asst. Managers and all head of the departments excluding Board of Directors. Such personnel shall hereinafter be treated as members of its core management team. 2. DILIGENCE: The Directors, senior management, officers and employees are to exercise due diligence in attending to their respective duties and obligations in the best interest of the Company. 3. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: The Directors, senior management, officers and employees should be scrupulous  in avoiding ‘conflicts of interest’ with the Company. In case there is likely to be a conflict of interest, he/she should make full disclosure of all facts and circumstances thereof to the Board of directors or any Committee / officer nominated for this purpose by the Board and a prior written approval should be obtained. A conflict situation can arise: a. When an employee, officer, senior manager or Director takes action or has interests that may make it difficult to perform his or her work objectively and effectively, b. The receipt of improper personal benefits by a member of his or her family as a result of one’s position in the Company, c. Any outside business activity that detracts an individual’s ability to devote appropriate time and attention to his or her responsibilities with the Company, d. The receipt of non-nominal gifts or excessive entertainment from any person/company with which the Company has current or prospective business dealings, e. Any significant ownership interest in any supplier, customer, development partner or competitor of the Company, f. Any consulting or employment relationship with any supplier, customer, business associate or competitor of the Company. 4. TRANSPARENCY: The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure that their action/s in the conduct of business are transparent, except where the confidentiality of the business requires otherwise. Such transparency shall be brought through appropriate policies, procedures, and maintaining supporting and proper records. 5. FAIR DEALING: Each director, member of core management team, officer, and employee should deal fairly with customers, suppliers, competitors, and employees of group companies. They should not take unfair advantage of anyone through manipulation, concealment, abuse of confidential, proprietary or trade secret information, misrepresentation of material facts, or any other unfair dealing-practices. 6. HONEST AND ETHICAL CONDUCT: The Directors, senior management, officers and employees shall act in accordance with the highest standards of personal and professional integrity, honesty and ethical conduct not only on Company’s premises and  offsite but also at company sponsored business, social events as well as any places. They shall act and conduct free from fraud and deception. Their conduct shall conform to the best-accepted professional standards of conduct. 7. CORPORATE OPPORTUNITIES: Directors, senior management, officers and employees owe a duty to the Company to advance its legitimate interests when the opportunity to do so arises. Directors, senior management, officers, and employees are expressly prohibited from: a. Taking for themselves personally, opportunities that are discovered through the use of Company’s property, information, or position, b. Competing directly with the business of the Company or with any business that the Company is considering. Using Company’s property, information, or position for personal gain. If the Company has finally decided not to pursue an opportunity that relates to the Company’s business activity, he/she may pursue such activity only after disclosing the same to the Board of directors or the nominated person/committee. 8. BUSINESS INTEGRITY: The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure that the Company carries out its business as per accepted practices of business integrity, ethical standards, fair play and conduct, honestly, legitimately and as a fair competitor. 9. WORK PLACE: The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure that there is gender friendly work place, equal opportunities are given to men and women, and there exists good employment practices. 1 0. QUALITY OF PRODUCTS/SERVICES: The Directors and the Senior Management are to endeavor that the products / services of the Company meet the accepted standards of quality including that of ISO 9001 and any other standard/s, and also the specifications of the legal authorities/laws so that customer satisfaction is ensured. Moreover costs are kept reasonable. 11. PROTECTION AND PROPER USE OF COMPANY’S ASSETS: The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure to protect Company’s assets and property and the same should be used only for legitimate business  purposes. 12. CONFIDENTIALITY: The Directors, Senior Management, Officers and Employees shall maintain the confidentiality of confidential information of the Company or that of any customer, supplier or business associate of the Company to which Company has a duty to maintain confidentiality, except when disclosure is authorized or legally mandated. The Confidential information includes all non-public information (including private, proprietary, and other) that might be of use to competitors or harmful to the Company or its associates. The use of confidential information for his/her own advantage or profit is also prohibited. 13. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS, RULES, AND REGULATIONS: T he Directors, senior management, officers and employees shall comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Transactions, directly or indirectly, involving securities of the Company should not be undertaken without pre-clearance from the Company’s compliance officer/Company Secretary. Any Director, member of core management team, officer or employee who is unfamiliar or uncertain about the legal rules involving Company business conducted by him/her should consult the legal department of the Company before taking any action that may jeopardize the Company or that individual. 14. RELATIONSHIP WITH CUSTOMERS AND SUPPLIERS: The Directors and the Senior Management are to endeavor that their dealings with the customers are given due importance, value is created and relationship of trust is built. In dealing with suppliers it should be the endeavor that supplies are based on need, quality, service, price, and appropriate terms and conditions. 15. SHAREHOLDERS: The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure that the rights of shareholders are met as per law and good corporate practices, and all efforts are made to provide best services to them. 16. COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES: The Directors and the Senior Management are to endeavor that the Company be a trusted corporate citizen and, as an integral part of the Society, fulfills its responsibilities and duties to the societies and communities in which it  operates. 17. CODE OF ETHICS FOR CHIEF FINANCE OFFICER: Honesty, integrity and sound judgment of the senior financial officers is fundamental for the success and reputation of Action Construction Equipment Limited. The professional and ethical conduct of the senior financial officers is essential to the proper functioning of the Company. The senior finance officers as well as Directors of the Company shall be bound by the following code of ethics: 1. Act with honesty and integrity, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal, financial and professional relationships, 2. Make full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that the Company files with, or submits or makes periodically, to the shareholders, government authorities, and to the public, 3. Comply with governmental laws, rules, notifications and regulations applicable to the Company’s business, 4. Disclose to the Board or any committee/officer designated by the Board for this purpose, any material transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to any violations of the code including actual or apparent conflicts with the interests of the company, 5. Promote prompt reporting of violations of the Code of Ethics to the Board of Directors or any person/committee designated for this purpose, as may be necessary, 6. Respect the confidentiality of information acquired in the course of employment unless legally obliged to disclose and ensure that no such confidential information is used for personal advantage/benefit, 7. Maintain the skills necessary and relevant to the Company’s needs, 8. Act in good faith, responsibility, with due care, competence and diligence without misrepresenting material facts, 9. Refrain from any inappropriate or undue influence of any kind in all dealings with independent auditors, and avoid any actual or apparent conflicts with analysts, 10. Achieve responsible use of and control over all assets and resources employed or entrusted to them, 11. Promote ethical and honest behavior within the Company and its associates, Chief Finance Officer should adhere to both the code of business conduct and the code of ethics of the Company. Violation of the code of ethics will lead to appropriate disciplinary action including dismissal from the services of the Company any  deviation/waiver from this code can only be affected on the sole and absolute discretionary authority of the Board or any person/committee designated by the Board for this purpose. 18. INTERPRETATION OF CODE: Any question or interpretation under this Code of Ethics and Business Conduct will be handled by the Board or any person /committee authorized by the Board of the Company. The Board of Directors or any designated person/committee has the authority to waive compliance with this Code of business conduct for any Director, member of core management team, officer or employee of the Company. The person-seeking waiver of this Code shall make full disclosure of the particular circumstances to the Board or the designated person/ committee 19. COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODE OF CONDUCT: Compliance with this Code of Conduct is an obligation. The Directors and the Senior Management are to ensure that this Code is communicated to, and understood and observed by all employees. The Directors and the Senior Management shall affirm compliance with the Code, on an annual basis. The Board expects employees to bring to their attention, or to that of Senior Management, any breach or suspected breach of this Code. Compliance with this Code is subject to the review by the Board and complemented by the Audit Committee of the Board. Any modification/s, amendment/s, or review of this Code shall be done by the Board.

How to Write a Cover Letter Full Template

How to Write a Cover Letter Full Template SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you on the hunt for a new job? If so, cover letters are an essential part of your applications. They’re often your first opportunity to communicate with a hiring manager and stand out from the crowd. Because cover letters play such an important role, they can often feel almost impossible to write. To help you break through writer's block,we’ve put together this comprehensive cover letter template with real examples.Scroll down for the full template, or first check out some tips to guide your thinking. When Do You Need aCover Letter? Cover letters play a key role in the hiring process. Typically, you send a cover letter along with your resume when you apply to a job.You might also write one to make a general inquiry about potential opportunities with a company you’re interested in. If you’re enlisting a headhunter in your job search, then you’ll also need to provide a cover letter to help him/her understand your qualifications. For the purposes of this guide, we’ll mainly stick to cover letters that you send when you’re applying to a job. The general advice, though, applies to all types. To write an effective cover letter, you need to know what to include and what to leave out. To help guide you through the writing process, I've picked out the four most important characteristics of a greatcover letter. What Should a Cover Letter Say? Cover letters can be challenging because you have to say a lot in only a few words.In most cases, your cover letter should justbe one page. You have tostrive to be concise while describing how your qualifications match up to the new job description. Plus, you want some of your personality to shine through and connect with the reader! There are several elements to a great cover letter, but I've highlighted the four most important ones.When you’re writing yours, keep these overarching goals in mind. Your cover letter should accomplish the following: 1. Focus On What You Can Do for the Employer Rather than talking about how great the job would be for you, you should instead focus on what you can bring to the organization. This might a subtle shift, but it helps you keep your cover letter focused and on point. Before you start writing, make sure to deconstruct the job description and investigate the industry. Gain a clear understanding of the new position and its requirements and express this understanding in your letter. Then you can analyze your specific skills, knowledge, and qualifications in relation to the job requirements.Consider both "hard" technical skills and "soft" transferable skills and professional behaviors. Even if you haven't worked a related job or have jumped around, you can show how your skills would transfer to the role. Transferable skills can bejust as if not more important than a directly related work history.Present your skillsin terms of the contributions you could make and value you could bring to the organization. Use the STAR framework - Situation, Task, Action, Result - to brainstorm specific examples for your cover letter. 2. Give Specific Examples with the STAR Framework Your cover letter is an opportunity both to personalize your application and to differentiate yourself from other candidates. It shouldn’t simply be a repeat of your resume. To make your letter unique and personal,you should incorporate a specific example or two of your accomplishments into your letter. If you focus on your marketing skills, for instance, then you could provide a specific example of an especially effective marketing campaign. If you say you helped students improve their English language skills, then you might add a sentence or two about a student and the activities you implemented to help her learn. One useful framework for brainstorming specific examples is called the STAR approach. It stands for Situation, Task, Approach, and Result. To use this framework, consider a situation you faced or task you were assigned. Then think about what approach you took to address it. Finally, what were your results? This framework isn’t just useful for your cover letters; it’s also a helpful approach when you interview. It helps take your ideasfrom the realm of the abstract to the real. Instead of vague descriptions, this framework helps you zero in on specific demonstrations of your skills and experiences. It helps you tell a story about who you are. 3. Communicate Enthusiasm Now that you have an initial sense of the content of your cover letter, let’s talk for a second about tone. Overall, you want your letter to communicate a strong sense of enthusiasm. In many ways, your cover letter is your marketing tool. It communicates your personal brand, the bundle of skills, experiences, and behaviors that defines your professional identity. You can use it to reveal some dimensions of your personality. As the best cover letters are highly customized, they should express excitement about the specific position and organization.Often, the most memorable cover letters are the ones with the most personality and enthusiasm. You might start out by saying how pleased or excited you were to learn about the position or state your great interest in joining the team. Your enthusiasm, as well as the effort you put in to craft a strong letter, should shine throughyour wholecover letter. 4. Be Readable, Clear, and Brief Another important, if challenging, feature of your cover letter is its readability. Consider the perspective of the hiring manager. They may be pressed for time and reading lots of applications. They want to be able to get to the heart of what you have to say without putting in lots of effort. For any Lit majors out there, think Ernest Hemingway rather than James Joyce. Your letter should cut to the chase and present its points in a clear and straightforward way. Aim to be concise and precise. Ultimately, your goal with a cover letter is to say a lot in a few words. This can be a challenging task, but don’t worry - even if your letter starts out wordy and scattered, you can tighten it up as you edit. First drafts are supposed to be unpolished. By revising and proofreading, you can bring your cover letter into its best form. The level of formality might vary by industry. A traditional corporation might look for a more formal letter, while a start-up in a creative industry might want to see something untraditional and conversational. Changing up the style and format can work in your favor and help you stand out, but make sure that your writing remains clear, concise, and approachable! Now that you have an initial sense of what should go into your cover letter, let’s take a closer look at theform of the letter itself. First, an important disclaimer about application instructions. Then read on for the full cover letter template, explainedpiece by piece! Your cover letter's not the time to wander off on tangents. Aim to be clear, concise, and readable. Disclaimer: Follow Application Instructions As you just read, there can be a lot of variation among cover letters depending on the job, industry, and your personal style. Another key factor that determines what your cover letter looks like and how you send it is the application instructions. Many jobs will give you certain guidelines, so you should make sure toabide by them. They might ask you to apply through a job application portal and paste your cover letter and resume into text boxes. Similarly, they might ask you to paste your cover letter and even resume directly into the body of an email. If this is the case, then you don't have to worry too much about formatting, as this plain text format will largely removeany special features. On the other hand, you might be instructed or choose to send your letter as a hard copy or a Word attachment. If you attach your letter, then you can just write a brief message in the body of the email telling your reader to check out the attachments. In these more traditional modes, you can customize your formatting more. The instructions might also give you a word limit or tell you about next steps. Some jobs explicitly say, "No calls," to make sure the office doesn't get bombarded with communication. Make sure to read and follow any application instructions as you prepare your materials.That being said, let's dive into the template to help you guide your cover writing letter from start to finish. How to Write a Cover Letter: FullTemplate At the risk of undermining the template you're about to read, I want to start with a word of caution. Don't follow this template too religiously! The best cover letters are unique and customized. You want to stand out from the crowd of other applicants, not blend in and lose your edge. At the same time, the strongest cover letters typically do have certain features in common. Most start with a strong opener, followed by two to three body paragraphs that argue for your candidacy. Finally, they end with an enthusiastic conclusion and your name. The first part of your letter depends on how you're sending it. You may add a header, or start right in with the salutation, as you'll read below. 1.Choose Your Format To start your letter, you may add a header or start right in by addressing the hiring manager. Traditionally, cover letters included a header at the top withboth your and the hiring manager's contact information. If you're sendinga hard copy of your cover letter or attaching it as a separate Word document, then this format is a good one to use. However, many other applicants simply copy and paste their cover letters directly into the body of the email. Other companies use job application portals that ask you to copy and paste your letter into a text box. In these cases, you can skip the traditional contact information at the top and just start right in with the salutation. If you're using a traditional format, then you'd write your name, address, and the current date at the top. You might also include your phone number and email address. Ideally, your header would match the one you use on your resume to give your entire application a cohesive, packaged look. Your letterhead could look something like this: Gina Sullivan55 Cambridge St.Cambridge, MA 02138 June1, 2016 Again, some people also have their phone number and email at the top. Others include it at the bottom, after their signature and printed name. Either way is fine, as long as the hiring manager can clearly see how to contact you. Below the date, you couldinsert the hiring manager's contact information. Ideally, youcan write to a specific person who has the power to hire you. If you can’t find any specific contact information, then you could just put the company and its address.Here's an example of the contact information for a school principal: Dr. JossNicholsSchool PrincipalCityville Middle School1 School RoadCityville, NJ 08008 Below this contact information, you'd start right in on the salutation. Again, if you're pasting your cover letter into an email or text box, then you can skip all this formatting! Truth be told, the format of your cover letter is not a huge deal, and it definitely shouldn't be a dealbreaker in the hiring manger's eyes. The content of your letter is much more important. Before delving into that content, let's consider the salutation, or how to addressyour letter. 2. Add aSalutation Addressing your cover letter can be a source of anxiety for some people. Best practices usually dictate that you should address your letter to a specific person, but what if you have no idea who you're writing to? First off, it really is a good idea to try to address your letter to a specific person. Try your best to track down the hiring manager via Google, the organization's website, or LinkedIn. If you can't find the specific person, you might consider writing to the head of the department, if applicable. If you really can't find anyone, then there's one other potential way to personalize an otherwise anonymous salutation. You could specify the position by writing something like, "Dear Content Manager Search Committee" or "Dear Data Scientist Hiring Manager." These greetings indicate that you're writing with a specific audience in mind, even if you don't know who exactly he/she is. If youcan't find any point person, then don't sweat it! You can just write, "Dear Hiring Manager" or "Dear Hiring Professional." You should probably steer clear of "To Whom It May Concern," as it's become a bit overused andsounds distant. Likewise, avoid the antiquated "Dear Sirs." Again, don't worry too much about the salutation. The content of your cover letter isthe part that deserves most of your attention. So without further ado, let's jump into that content, starting with the introduction. There are several tried-and-true phrases you can use to start your cover letter. This, however, isn't one of them. 3. Introduction Your first paragraph is your introduction. It might be three to four sentences and should contain some essential information. First, you should state who you are and why you’re writing. Let the hiring manager know how you learned about the position. If you spoke or networked with one of its employees, share her name (assuming the employee has good relationships at the company). Finally, you should make an impactful statement about your qualifications for the position. You might give a succinct summary of those qualifications before delving into them in the body paragraphs. Some possible openers include the following: I was pleased to see your posting for... I was excited to see your listing for... I’m writing to express my strong interest in... I am responding to your job posting on...for†¦ I’m writing to express my interest in joining your team. I am applying for†¦ As an experienced [position], I was excited to find the [position] opportunity with your organization. While the above lines can work well, you might also think outside the box and start your letter in a creative way.You could start with a story or some sort of personal connection to the organization. Here are a few examples of unconventional cover letter starters: When I tried Instacart for the first time last month, I thought I'd died and gone to grocery store shopping heaven. I've been raving about the company to friends and family ever since, so I thought I should make it official by joining your company asyour next Community Manager. For as long as I can remember, Friday nights meant dinner at Windward. Windwardhas long been a family favorite due to its amazing food, comfortableatmosphere, and friendly staff. As I take my first steps into the restaurant industry, I'd be thrilled to join your team and treat customers with the same hospitality and care that I've always enjoyed. My last boss told me I could probably hold a conversation with a tree (which I took as a compliment). Conversing easily with people from all walks of life has always been a major strength of mine, and it's one that I'd bring to the role of Sales Professional with Match.com. You should probably steer clear of tired phrases that sound pompous or overbearing. For instance, a line like, "If you're looking for an organized, driven worker with great communication skills, then LOOK NO FURTHER" might not make the best of impressions. Once you've gotten your introduction sorted out, you should indicatewhere you learned about the position in the first sentence. I learned about this opportunity from.. I came across this opportunity on.. I’ve been interested in your organization for several years and recently saw that you had an opening for a [position] on your website. I've been interested in joining your company for a long time, so I periodically check the open positions listed on your website. Finally, you mightbrieflysummarize your qualifications for the opportunity. You could give an overviewof your skills or simply set up what you’ll discuss in the rest of the letter. Here are a couple examples: I would bring to this position... As a [profession] with [#] years of experience, I have the skills and experiences to excel in this role. Please allow my to highlight my skills and experiences as they relate to your stated requirements. Now that you have a sense of what should go into the introduction of your cover letter, let’s put all these piecestogether with a few examples. Below you’ll find three examples of cover letter introductions, one for the position of speech language pathologist, another for a web designer, and the third for a software salesperson. Cover Letter Introduction: Three Examples Example 1: I was pleased to see your posting for a Speech Language Pathologist (position #357) on SchoolSpring.com. I will be earning my Master’s degree in Speech Language Pathology from Boston University this May, and I have extensive experience working in schools with students in grades K through 8. I would bring to this position strong clinical skills, fluency in Mandarin, and a demonstrated commitment to serving young learners. Example 2: I was excited to see your listing for a front-end web designer on your website. SunStar has great appeal to me because of its mission to make solar energy affordable to the average consumer. As an experienced web designer who's committed to living a sustainable life, I have both the technical skills and personal passion to excel in this role. Example 3: I’m writing to express my strong interest in joining Voxacorp’s sales team, an opportunity I discovered on Monster.com. With my five years of experience in software sales, I possess the skills and knowledge to excel in this role. Please allow me to highlight my qualifications as they related to your stated requirements. You can consider the main part of your cover letter to beyour argument for why you'd be right for the job. Aim for enthusiasm over aggression, though. Argument: 2-3 Paragraphs The body of your cover letter is typically two to three paragraphs. Two is usually best, unless you’re applying for an especially advanced or specialized type of job. Your cover letter shouldn’t go over one page, so two paragraphs usually hits the mark. You might choose to use bullet points here, rather than traditional paragraphs. To give you a sense of how to do this effectively, the third example belowis presentedin list form. If you're applying for a position that involves a lot of writing, though, then you should probably steer clear of bullet points. This format won't give the hiring manager much insight into your writing skills. There are a few different ways to format the argument portion of your cover letter, but they should all share the same mission: to reflect the employer’s top needs and explain how you match them in terms of your skills, knowledge, and experiences. Here’s where the STAR approach (Situation, Task, Action, Result) described earliercome into play. Depending on the position, specific examples that incorporatedata can be useful here. Presenting specific numbers about your sales record or number of accounts you manage, to give two examples, that measure your achievements could make a strong impression. In the argument part of your cover letter, consider ways that you can go beyond your resume points,personalize your candidacy, and tell a story about who you are and what you'd bring to the job. Present yourmost relevant experiences and points first. Below are three examples of body paragraphs for the same positions as above, Speech Language Pathologist, Web Designer, and Software Sales Professional. Body Paragraphs: 3 Examples Example 1: During my internship at the Briar Middle School in Salem, I created and adapted activities to address students’ specific functional needs, including receptive and expressive language skills, articulation, and social pragmatics. To give one example, I worked with a first grade boy throughout the year on pre-literacy and phonological awareness skills. We used reading, oral motor, and explicit phonics activities, along with computer assisted instruction. I relied on my coworkers and current research to determine how I could best help him and consistently collected data and reviewed his progress. By the end of the year, his letter-sound correspondence and oral reading skills had greatly improved. Example 2: As an experienced web designer, I have the technological and design skills that you described in your job posting. I’m fluent in CSS, HTML, and JavaScript and have expertise with WordPress and WordPress plugins. Recently, I designed the main pages for the sustainable clothing company, Oak Tree Co. One majorproject I worked on was the company’s central logo. I reflected Oak Tree’s aesthetic of stylish sustainability in the logo it now uses across its site, social media channels, and newsletters. As a web designer with SunStar, I would similarly create text and graphic content with visual appeal and a cohesive corporate identity. Example 3: Your Requirements My Experience Establish and maintain accounts Established #new customer-to-customer and customer-to-business accounts and maintained #accounts with Waretech; sales record in top 15% of team. Clear communication Spoke with customers daily about their specific business needs; led trainings and presentations for coworkers and new employees. Strong understandingof technology Thorough knowledge of Waretech’s software systems; excellent computer skills; hold ISACA CISA certification. Professional, personable, and passionate Motivated and committed sales professional with strong character references from coworkers; head of SocialCommittee; lead weekly in-office spin classes. Closing Paragraph The body paragraphs are the most challenging part of your cover letter. Once you’ve finished them, you can sum everything up with a concise concluding paragraph. In your conclusion, you might restate your interest in the position. Let the employer know if you attached your resume or any other documents, like reference letters. Let them know when and how to contact you. Some professionals advise applicants to end proactively with a statement about what you’ll do next to continue pursuing the position. Rather than just telling the employer how to get in touch with you, you could say that you plan to contact them in the next few days. You might say you’ll call the following week to set up a meeting or discuss the opportunity further. Of course, you have to make sure you get in touch when you said you would! However, a word of caution about this approach. Some hiring managers might perceive this call to actionas pushy, even aggressive. You especially should avoid it if application instructions explicitly say, "No calls."Prioritize the application instructions first and foremost. Then considerwhether the company is one that would appreciate this forward approachor would be turned off by it. As with all aspects of your cover letter, be thoughtful about your conclusion. It'syour last chance to make a strong impression. Below are a few examples of closing paragraphs for our example candidates. After your conclusion, you should add â€Å"Sincerely† and sign and print your name. If you didn't include it in the header, then you could add your phone number and email under your name. Closing Paragraph: 3 Examples Example 1: My clinical skills and experience in educational settings make me well qualified to serve as a Speech Language Pathologist to youth at Lafayette Middle School. As someone who shares Lafayette'scommitment to social justice and equity in education, I would be thrilled to join the educationalteam. I look forward to discussing this position with youand can be reached by phone or email anytime. Thank you very much for your time. Example 2: As an experienced designer and committed environmentalist, I could bring great value to SunStar in the role of web designer. I have attached my resume and hope you will not hesitate to contact me at 508-664-6644 or sara.smith@gmail.com to arrange a meeting. Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to meeting with you. Example 3: My skills and experiences as a software sales professional make me well qualified to join the Voxacorpsales team. I would be thrilled to join such an innovative and forward-thinking company. Please don't hesitate to contact me, and I will call you on Monday to see about arranging a meeting. Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to speaking with you. Once you’ve written your conclusion and signed your name, you should spend some time editing for clarity and proofreading for errors.Now that you have a sense ofeach piece of your cover letter, let's put them all together into the final cover letter template! Pay attention to little details, like spacing and word choice, to make sure your cover letter looks great. Final Cover Letter Template As you saw above, most cover letters share a certain structure. At the same time, you can do a lot to personalize your letter and inject your ownpersonality. This template can help steeryour writing, but it's your job to consider the best content and format to use to make an authentic impression! If you're sending your cover letter as an attachment or hard copy, then you shouldinclude your contact information, the hiring manager's contact information, and the date at the top. Additionally, you could choose a traditional font, like Times New Roman or Garamond in a 12-point size. The template below reflects this traditional format. If you're pasting your letter into the body of an email or a website's text box, then don't worry about this formatting. In these cases, you could start right in with the salutation. Check out the final cover letter template below, and then scroll down for some final tips on producing a great cover letter that will land you that coveted first job interview. Your NameYour AddressPhone number and email(optional) Date Contact PersonTitleDepartmentCompany or OrganizationAddress Dear (Contact Person): Introduction: 3 - 4 sentences:I’m writing to express my strong interest in joining [organization]’s team in the position of [job title]. I learned of this opportunity from my close friend and [organization name]manager, [name of contact]. I would bring to this position [two to three main skills]. Please allow me to give three examples of my qualifications as they relate to your stated requirements. Argument: 2-3 paragraphs:As a [profession]with [#]years of experience, I have experience with [skills, knowledge, qualifications]. To give one example... The body paragraphs should reflect the employer's needs and how your skills, knowledge, and experiences match up with them. If applicable, try to use specific data here. Closing paragraph:I’ve attached my resume to give you more information aboutmy professional background. I'm excited to learnmore about this opportunity. You can contact me at 555-555-5555or me.myname@gmail.com. Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, [Signature] Printed namePhone number*Email* *If not present in header As you saw above, there are several different ways you can phrase your skills and qualifications, and some people choose to present all or most of the body paragraphs in bullet point or list form. As long as you follow general guidelines, you have a good amount ofwiggle room in the body of your letter. Above all, you should focus on communicating a sense of professionalism, competence, and cultural fit. In closing, read on for some final tips about writing a cover letter for your next job application! Writing a Cover Letter: Final Tips Searching for a job can feel like a full-time job in itself, and there’s no scarcity of competition. While writing a cover letter can feel like a hurdle in the application process, you can also see it as an opportunity to give your candidacy an edge. A well-crafted cover letter can catch the reader’s attention and differentiate you from other applicants. It goes beyond the resume to personalize your application, show your professionalism, and flesh out your qualifications and experiences. The tone you use may vary depending on the position you’re applying for. Some start-ups or creative industries expect a more conversationaltone, while more traditional jobs may seek a formal style. Regardless of the approach you take, you should make sure to express enthusiasm for the opportunity and the organization. A strong letter shows your writing skills, attention to detail, and understanding of the employer’s needs. If you’re serious about a job, take the time to craft a concise, persuasive argument that proves you’re the best person for the job. What’s Next? Now that you understand the structure of a great cover letter, check out some samples of cover letters. This guide has more tips for writing your cover letter, along with sixfree cover letter samples! In addition to a cover letter and resume, your job application might call for recommendation letters. Check out this template for writing a recommendation letter, along with a full recommendation letter guide containing 9 free samples.